Charles Wright Academy’s Director of College Counseling and Academic Dean Katie Ryan shared the following review of the new SAT exam in the March 2016 Upper School Newsletter.
On Saturday, January 23, students all over the world took the SAT in its current version for the last time. March 5, 2016, will mark the first administration of the College Board’s redesigned SAT, which is substantially different in structure and content than the “old” SAT and assesses a different set of skills.
In preparation for this significant change to the college admissions landscape, I have spent time reviewing the content of the new SAT in depth, using full-length sample tests and test specifications released by the College Board. I’ve also read articles and attended several workshops that analyzed the new SAT and compared it to the old SAT as well as the ACT. The overarching conclusion from my research is that the new SAT is more difficult than either the old SAT or the ACT. It tests higher-level skills, such as critical thinking and analysis, and requires conceptual understanding of complex ideas. Further, just as the College Board intended, the new SAT deliberately reflects high school curriculum much more than the old SAT, and it closely follows the standards set forth by the Common Core State Standards Initiative developed in 2009. In fact, the current College Board President, David Coleman, was one of the key architects of the Common Core.
In a recent New York Times article called “Everything You Need to Know About the New SAT,” a test prep expert and author of a book called “Conquering the SAT” was quoted saying, “The new SAT will align better with what kids are learning in school, but if you haven’t gone to a school that’s prepared you well, the test isn’t going to serve you well.” I agree. Skills such as critical thinking can’t be learned in a Saturday test prep cram course; they are learned over time in a rigorous curriculum. So, how well served will Charles Wright students be by this new SAT? Because we have rigorous expectations and emphasize critical thinking, analytical writing, and conceptual understanding within our program, we hypothesized that our students would be well prepared. In order to be sure, we formed a Charles Wright “SAT Committee” comprised of myself and the department chairs from English, Math, Science, and History. Over several months this fall, the committee analyzed sample tests and test specifications with the goal of determining, subject by subject, how well Charles Wright’s curriculum matches the skills and knowledge assessed by the new SAT. The committee was also charged with making recommendations for adjustments to curriculum that might be necessary in order to prepare our students well for this new exam.
I’m pleased to report that the findings of the SAT Committee overwhelmingly indicate that Charles Wright’s curriculum will prepare our students very well for the new SAT. The primary skills measured by the new SAT are skills that are already emphasized at Charles Wright, often in more than one discipline, and Charles Wright students will be familiar with virtually all of the material
they will encounter on the new SAT. There was just one area within the math section, statistics and probability, where the committee uncovered content on the new SAT not covered in the CWA curriculum, and plans are already underway to add this material to several math courses.
Here’s a brief overview of the major changes to the SAT:
Return to a 1600 scale. The new SAT will have two sections, Evidence Based Reading and Writing and Math, each with a maximum of 800 points.
The essay is optional and significantly different. The essay will be scored separately with a maximum sub-score of 50 points. Students will read a passage and be asked to write an essay that analyzes the author’s intent and how he or she builds an argument. Since many colleges will require the essay, we
recommend that CWA students take it.
No penalty for guessing. Students may feel less pressure when they are uncertain of an answer because they will not lose points for wrong answers, as they did on the old SAT.
Includes science. Science is incorporated into both the reading and math sections. Students will need to interpret graphs, charts, and tables and understand reading passages that include sophisticated scientific vocabulary.
Vocabulary in context. Gone are the so called “SAT words.” The new SAT will test students’ ability to understand the meaning of words commonly used in college and careers in the context of reading passages.
Reduced emphasis on grammar. Instead of drilling students on standard English conventions, as the old SAT did with sentence completion questions, the new SAT will assess students’ rhetorical skills. Questions in the writing section focus on expression of ideas, subtle transitions, introductions, and supporting examples.
Depth over breadth in the math section. Fewer math concepts are assessed by the new SAT, including much less geometry. However, students will need to have a deep, conceptual understanding of each topic in order to perform well. Analysis will be emphasized over solving. Word problems are prevalent, which could be a struggle for non-native speakers of English.
Here’s what the CWA SAT Committee found in their study of the new SAT
English Department Findings. The English department asserts that the skills assessed on the new SAT ARE the curriculum of the English Department. Review of sample SAT exams revealed that the following key skills are assessed on the new Evidence Based Reading and Writing test:
• Close reading and analysis, which consists of discerning a writer’s purpose and the evidence and analysis used to support that purpose.
• Understanding a writer’s rhetorical choices, including genre, diction, syntax, vocabulary, and structural elements.
• Basic fluency with literary devices, such as simile, metaphor, symbol, antithesis, irony, tone.
• Application of the strategies they study and analyze in various writers’ works to their own writing, across a variety of genres. These skills are taught throughout the English curriculum. Some specific examples:
– In Literary Genres, typically taken in 9th grade, students practice close reading and study literary devices in context. Their writing skills primarily focus on sound paragraph structure and organization.
– In Analytical Writing, typically taken in 10th grade, students extend the reach of the close reading skills they practice in 9th Grade by identifying literary devices and their intended effects on readers. Their textual analysis includes increasing emphasis on the relationship between word choice and tone. Their writing
moves to multi-paragraph analytical essays, wherein they practice the skills they are asked to analyze as readers in the SAT multiple-choice section and essay section.
– In American Writers, typically taken in 11th Grade, students spend more time with analysis of non-fiction (mostly essays); they are also introduced, through the works they study, to Critical Theory and to literary
movements such as Naturalism, Realism, Modernism, Post-Modernism.
Math Department Findings. A majority of the topics that students will need to know in order to be successful on the new SAT are sufficiently covered within the Charles Wright curriculum in both the honors and regular tracks, and are introduced for most students prior to spring of the junior year, when we recommend they take their first SAT. Some minor adjustments to the math curriculum may be needed to ensure that CWA students will be well prepared for the new SAT, and those adjustments are currently under discussion.
• The set of mathematical skills that the College Board refers to as “The Heart of Algebra” and which comprises 35% of the test emphasizes: analyzing and fluently solving equations and systems of equations; creating expressions, equations, and inequalities to represent relationships between quantities and to solve problems; and rearranging and interpreting formulas. All of these skills are covered, primarily in Algebra 1 and Algebra 2, both regular and honors level, and virtually all are covered in depth.
• The set of mathematical skills that the College Board refers to as “Passport to Advanced Math” and which comprises 27% of the test emphasizes: rewriting expressions using their structure; creating, analyzing, and fluently solving quadratic and higher order equations; and manipulating polynomials purposefully to solve problems. These skills are covered in Algebra 2, Math Modeling and Pre-Calculus.
• The section of the test that the College Board calls “Problem Solving and Data Analysis” and which comprises 28% of test presents the only area of concern for the math department. The skills assessed in this section—creating and analyzing relationships using ratios, proportions, percentages, and units; describing relationships shown graphically; and summarizing qualitative and quantitative data—are touched on in 6th to 8th grade, but not covered in depth in the Upper School except in the elective course, AP Statistics. The math department is currently exploring how to incorporate these topics into the curriculum.
• “Additional Topics in Math”, comprising 10% of the test, include: making area and volume calculations in context; investigating lines, angles, triangles, and circles using theorems; working with trigonometric functions. All are covered in depth, primarily in Geometry and Algebra 2, both regular and honors level.
• Another significant change to the math section of the SAT is the addition of a section for which no calculator is allowed. Because it is common practice within the CWA math department to include a no-calculator section in assessments, CWA students will be well prepared for this change.
Science Department Findings. The science department is confident that our current curricula will serve students well in mastering the skills that will be measured by the new SAT.
• The primary scientific skills that will be measured by the new SAT are comprehension of reading passages with scientific content, graph interpretation, and science vocabulary recognition. Regularly assigned textbook reading throughout the year and occasional assigned articles from magazines or journals (assigned for enrichment) help students to build solid skills with reading comprehension and introduce them to science vocabulary in context. Throughout all science courses at CWA, graphs are created to analyze or present experimentally gathered data, giving students a great deal of exposure to and practice with interpreting graphs.
• The science department does not believe that there are any skills covered on the new SAT that are outside the parameters of our curriculum, and thus no major adjustments to the curriculum are planned. However, in the future, teachers may increase the number of reading assignments that will require students to interpret text and draw conclusions from it, and more attention may be paid to the correct use of content-specific vocabulary in its appropriate context.
History Department Findings. The history department has concluded that all of the skills covered in the reading and writing section of the new SAT are touched on somewhere within the CWA history curriculum. Some of the primary skills assessed by the new SAT, such as thesis and argument analysis; document analysis; contextualization of brief reading samples; and synthesis of facts by extending an argument to a different era, theme or academic discipline are covered in depth. Specific examples are listed below.
• All history classes at every level from the Middle School through Upper School work on writing analytical essays centered around developing a concise, comprehensive thesis that is the centerpiece for a strong, fact based historical argument.
• Document based questions (DBQs) are also used throughout the curriculum and require students to use a limited number of documents to provide evidence used in historical analytical essays.
• Reading the DBQ documents, and other primary and secondary sources, and successfully using them in an essay requires students to not only understand what they are reading but to think about issues such as authorship, audience and purpose for the samples.
• Bringing together information and skills from the gamut of academic disciplines (literature, science, statistical analysis, world languages/cultures, and history) are one of the main goals of a comprehensive survey class. All the Upper School history courses target this skill.
New SAT recommendations from CWA College Counseling.
For all of the reasons I’ve outlined, the college counselors believe that Charles Wright students should feel confident that they have the skills and knowledge necessary for success on the new SAT. Still, because the new SAT seems to be a more difficult test than the ACT, students are advised to try both tests in order to see which they prefer and on which they perform better. Colleges accept either the SAT or the ACT and do not have a preference for one over the other. Soon concordance tables will be available that will allow comparisons between the new SAT and the ACT, and the college counselors will be able to help students determine which test is better for them individually. In order to better prepare our students for taking the ACT, we offered a practice ACT here at school on Saturday, January 9, and 80 students signed up to take it. We plan to continue this practice in the future so that our students will have adequate information with which to decide which college admissions test will be best for them.
Although we have so much more information about the new SAT than we had just six months ago, a great deal of uncertainty still remains. Logistical details such as how long it will take for students who take the March exam to receive their scores (we’ve been told there will be delays but not how long those delays will be) and how many colleges will require the essay, remain unknown. In terms of larger conclusions on a national level about student performance, several administrations of the new SAT will need to occur before any statistically significant data can be analyzed. I’ll continue to follow these developments closely and keep students and parents informed as new information becomes available.
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